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Objective—Postoperative heart failure (PHF) remains a major determinant of outcome after cardiac surgery. However, possible differences in characteristics of PHF after valve surgery and coronary surgery (CABG) have received little attention. Therefore, this issue was studied in patients undergoing aortic valve replacement (AVR) and CABG, respectively.

Design—Three hundred and ninety‐eight patients undergoing isolated AVR for aortic stenosis were compared with 398 patients, matched for age and sex, undergoing on‐pump isolated CABG. Forty‐five AVR and 47 CABG patients required treatment for PHF and these were studied in detail.

Results—The AVR group had longer aortic cross‐clamp time and higher rate of isolated right ventricular heart failure postoperatively. Myocardial ischemia during induction and perioperative myocardial infarction were more common in the CABG group. One‐year mortality …