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The following databases were searched from their inception to June 1999: the Science Citation Index and Social Sciences Citation Index (via BIDS), British Nursing Index, CINAHL, the Cochrane Library, Dissertation Abstracts International, EMBASE, MEDLINE, the National Research Register, PsycLIT, Sociofile and ERIC. The search terms used were synonyms of diabetes, adolescence, types of intervention and varieties of outcomes; truncated terms were used as appropriate for each database. Further research was identified through handsearches, by contacting experts, by examining reference lists, and through publication of notices and flyers. Foreign language articles were included and no constraints were placed on the date of publication.