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RESULTS: Nox 1 was significantly over expressed in the majority of both renal and prostate cancers. One of the key Nox regulatory proteins (Nox A 1) is expressed in proportion to Nox 5 in higher-grade prostate cancer. This relationship is not apparent in lower-grade prostate cancers. In conventional (clear cell) renal cell carcinoma, Nox I and Nox 4 are over expressed in most cases, while Nox 3 is underexpressed in 85% of the cases.

CONCLUSIONS: Nox genes encode enzymes responsible for the generation of reactive oxygen species in both renal and prostate cancers. Over expression of Nox 1 is a common cancer-associated finding in both tumor types. It appears that the Nox5 enzyme and NoxAl regulatory protein are co-regulated, but only in highgrade prostate cancer. Nox 3 is down regulated in the vast majority of conventional renal cancers. Thus, the pro-oxidant Nox enzymes may play an important role in …