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In the embryonic heart, electrical impulses propagate in a unidirectional manner from the sinus venosus and appear to be involved in cardiogenesis. In this work, aligned and random polyaniline/polyetersulfone (PANI/PES) nanofibrous scaffolds doped by Camphor-10-sulfonic acid (β) (CPSA) were fabricated via electrospinning and used to conduct electrical impulses in a unidirectional and multidirectional fashion, respectively. A bioreactor was subsequently engineered to apply electrical impulses to cells cultured on PANI/PES scaffolds. We established cardiovascular disease-specific induced pluripotent stem cells (CVD-iPSCs) from the fibroblasts of patients undergoing cardiothoracic surgeries. The CVD-iPSCs were seeded onto the scaffolds, cultured in cardiomyocyte-inducing factors, and exposed to electrical impulses for 1 h/day, over a 15-day time period in the bioreactor. The application of the unidirectional …