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Background: Dysbiosis has been associated with diseases and is of a major public health importance. Can lead to the passage of viable bacteria, their products or their fragments from the intestinal lumen through the mesenteric lymph nodes and other sites, known as bacterial translocation. The aim of the study was to determine whether microbial translocation occurs in stage II/III-IV colorectal cancer (CRC) patients and evaluate the usefulness of blood PCR for diagnosis of such translocation. Also to correlate the presence of Toll-Like Receptor and Vitamin D Receptor polymorphisms with the detection of microbial DNA fragments in the blood of CRC patients. Methods: Peripheral blood was obtained from 397 CRC patients (adjuvant n = 202 and metastatic n = 195) and 32 healthy individuals. DNA from all subjects was analyzed using PCR for amplification of genomic DNA encoding 16S rRNA, β-galactosidase …