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Bark and bark-containing forest residues have the potential for utilization as raw material for lignocellulosic ethanol production due to their abundance and low cost. However, the different physical properties and chemical composition of bark compared to the conventionally used wood chips may influence the spruce-to-ethanol bioconversion process. This study assesses the impact of bark on the overall bioconversion in two process configurations, separate hydrolysis and fermentation (SHF) and simultaneous saccharification and fermentation (SSF), utilizing steam-pretreated spruce bark and wood mixtures.

Mixtures of different proportions of spruce bark and wood chips were subjected to SO₂-catalyzed steam pretreatment at 210°C for five minutes, which has been shown to be effective for the pretreatment of spruce wood chips. The …