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An inventory of culturable yeasts from the soil and water of natural CO₂ springs (mofettes) in northeast Slovenia is presented. In mofettes, CO₂ of geological origin reaches the soil surface causing temporarily and spatially stable hypoxic environments in soil and water. In total, 142 yeast strains were isolated and identified from high CO₂ and control meadow soil, meadow ground-water, forest pond and stream water. All water locations showed below-ground CO₂ release. They were assigned to six basidiomycetous yeast genera (six species) and 11 ascomycetous genera (18 species). All ascomycetous yeasts, with the exception of Debaryomyces hansenii, were able to grow under elevated CO₂ and fermented glucose. Candida sophiae-reginae, Pichia fermentans and Candida vartiovaarae were the dominating species in meadow and forest high CO₂ exposed water. Meyerozyma guilliermondii and …