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This study presents the results of an experimental and theoretical investigation into the heat and mass transfer processes that occur during piloted ignition of cellulosic materials. The experiments were conducted on both horizontal and vertical samples of thick pieces of wood initially at ambient temperature. The time required to ignite the sample in the presence of a pilot flame and the surface temperature–time history of the sample were recorded. The data so obtained were used to identify the critical surface temperature at ignition. These results compare well with those previously reported in the literature. Based on the experimental observations an approximate analytical model for the piloted ignition process was developed. The model predictions are in good agreement with the experimental measurements. This model is based on the following observations: (i) Critical conditions at ignition are achieved solely by …