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Engineering thermoplastics feature high chemical, mechanical, and thermal robustness but often lack advanced functionalities as a result of the harsh conditions required for their synthesis and processing. Herein, we introduce a series of polyarylene chalcogenides (PACs), a classification which encompasses polyphenylene sulfides, polyphenylene oxides, and their derivatives, obtained via the room-temperature polymerization of difluorophthalonitrile and disilyl(thio)ether monomers in the presence of fluoride or amine initiators. The PACs contain thioarene-appended phthalonitriles as the key moiety in the polymer chain, which endows them with the additional properties of photoluminescence and dynamic nucleophilic aromatic substitution (S_NAr) chemistry while maintaining the thermal robustness of the parent polymers. The materials display delayed fluorescence, and both the emission wavelength and lifetime …