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The present study examined cross‐sectional and longitudinal relationships between total and segmental subcutaneous tissue thicknesses from ultrasonography (US) and total and segmental fat mass (FM) estimates from dual‐energy X‐ray absorptiometry (DXA). Traditional US FM estimates were also examined. Twenty resistance‐trained males (mean ± SD; age: 22.0 ± 2.6 years; body mass: 74.8 ± 11.5 kg; DXA fat: 17.5 ± 4.5%) completed a 6‐week supervised resistance training programme while consuming a hypercaloric diet. Pre‐ and post‐intervention body composition was assessed by DXA and B‐mode US. Data were analysed using Pearson's correlation (r), Lin's correlation coefficient (CCC), paired t‐tests, Wilcoxon signed‐rank tests and Bland–Altman analysis, as appropriate. Cross‐sectionally, correlations were observed between total DXA FM and total subcutaneous tissue thickness (r = 0.88 …