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To implement pulmonary three‐dimensional (3D) radial ultrashort echo‐time (UTE) MRI in non‐sedated, free‐breathing neonates and adults with retrospective motion tracking of respiratory and intermittent bulk motion, to obtain diagnostic‐quality, respiratory‐gated images.

Pulmonary 3D radial UTE MRI was performed at 1.5 tesla (T) during free breathing in neonates and adult volunteers for validation. Motion‐tracking waveforms were obtained from the time course of each free induction decay's initial point (i.e., k‐space center), allowing for respiratory‐gated image reconstructions that excluded data acquired during bulk motion. Tidal volumes were calculated from end‐expiration and end‐inspiration images. Respiratory rates were calculated from the Fourier transform of the motion‐tracking waveform during quiet breathing, with comparison to physiologic prediction in neonates and validation …