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The Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale (CESD; Radloff, 1977) has been the workhorse of depression epidemiology since its first use in the Community Mental Health Assessment Surveys in the 1970s (Comstock & Helsing, 1976; Radloff & Locke, 1986) and its use in the National Health and Nutrition Examination Surveys (Eaton & Kessler, 1981). It has survived transition to telephone and self-administered versions and is understandable and accessible to typically undercounted populations such as the elderly and the economically depressed. The scale is well known and remains one of the most widely used instruments in the field of psychiatric epidemiology (Murphy, 2002, Naughton & Wiklund, 1993; Nezu, Nezu, McClure, & Zwick, 2002, Snaith, 1993). This chapter briefly reviews the history of the scale and its uses and then discusses the creation of a revision of the scale called the CESD-R …