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Diabetes is a life-threatening disease caused by excessive glucose intake. The surface plasmon resonance (SPR) based sensor is the most advanced technology for glucose detection. A multilayer SPR-based sensor for detecting glucose in the urine is presented using nanolayers of silver, MXene, ZnO, and graphene over a BK7 prism. The suggested sensor's performance parameters like sensitivity, quality factor, full width half maximum, and signal-to-noise ratio have all been evaluated. In urine samples, the sensitivity for glucose concentration 0–15 mg/dL is evaluated to be 123 deg/RIU, and for 0.625 g/dL concentration, it has been computed as 131 deg/RIU. Likewise, it has been calculated as 126 deg/RIU, 132 deg/RIU, 132.33 deg/RIU, and 133.5 deg/RIU for 1.25 g/dL, 2.5 g/dL, 5 g/dL, and 10 g/dL, respectively. The corresponding computed values for full width half maximum, quality factor are3.35 deg, 3.37 deg, 3.39 deg, 3.41 deg, 3 …