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Popular culture, from movies, advertising, to self-help books, is captivated by left-brain/right-brain differences and how these might influence our personalities, moods, and capabilities. Considering the interest in understanding the scientific basis for lateralized neural functions, it is surprising that model systems have not played a more dominant role in research on brain asymmetry. The long-held view that laterality is unique to the human cortex has been supplanted by overwhelming evidence of left–right (L–R) differences in neuroanatomy and neural processing across vertebrate and even some invertebrate species. Recent inroads into the genetic, anatomical, and behavioral specializations of the brains of model research animals have refocused attention on the evolution and advantage of brain laterality. Technical advances in arenas as diverse as molecular biology and brain imaging have sparked the …