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Adult advanced life support (ALS) is an important part of the chain of survival, promoting systemic circulation and oxygen supply during high-quality basic life support in patients with cardiac arrest. It includes advanced airway management, manual defibrillation, pharmacological therapy with vasopressors and antiarrhythmic agents, use of an extracorporeal circulation device, and other techniques to achieve return of spontaneous circulation (ROSC). 1-3 Several milestone studies on ALS have been published since the publication of the 2015 Korean cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) guidelines. These include a multicenter, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study evaluating the effect of epinephrine in patients with out-ofhospital cardiac arrest (OHCA) as well as a comparative study on amiodarone, lidocaine, or placebo in patients with refractory shockable rhythm. 4, 5 A study comparing the use of a …