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Inter-national benchmarking of road safety, with the purpose of achieving continuous improvement by learning lessons from existing best practices, has currently been widely encouraged by most countries as an emerging management tool to improve the level of road safety. However, performing a successful road safety benchmarking practice is by no means easy. Challenges exist from ascertaining the benchmarking framework at the very beginning to making final policy decisions. In this study, based on the identification of leading road safety risk factors, a comprehensive set of hierarchically structured safety performance indicators was developed, some necessary data processing procedures were conducted, and the use of data envelopment analysis (DEA) for composite indicator (CI) construction was elaborated. An interval multiple layer DEA-based CI model was proposed to take both the hierarchical structure …