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Pollutants in aqueous solutions have negative environmental, economic, and societal consequences. In rural and urban regions, pollution caused by nitrite, nitrate, ammonia, and phosphorus is a significant concern. Nitrate is one of the most prevalent contaminants found in groundwater. Increased use of artificial fertilizers, waste disposal, and changes in land use are the primary drivers of the gradual increase in nitrate levels in groundwater supplies. Methemoglobinemia is caused by the presence of nitrate in drinking water. Furthermore, nitrate and nitrite levels in water and food have increased cancer risk. In commercial fertilizers, Ammonia is a critical component. In an aquatic environment, Ammonia and ammonia-related chemicals are abundantly available. Ammonia’s biological effects in humans are dose-dependent and influenced by ambient concentrations. Phosphate ion discharge also leads to eutrophication in water, with significant environmental consequences.