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Late Oligocene and Early Miocene fossil ruminants from Napak and Moroto in Uganda and the Zinda Pir sequence in Pakistan comprise at least eight taxa, including an indeterminate lophiomerycid, ?Gelocus gajensis, Walangania africanus, Bugtimeryx pilgrimi, an indeterminate large cervoid, Progiraffa exigua, Palaeohypsodontus zinensis, and an unnamed bovid. The fossils range in age between 25 and 16 million years old and together with species of tragulids provide evidence for the existence of diverse latest Oligocene and earliest Miocene ruminant faunas in sub-Saharan Africa and southern Asia. The fossils from Pakistan may also document the first appearance and subsequent radiation of giraffes and bovids, two groups that dominate later Neogene and modern herbivore faunas.