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The aim of the present study was to assess the association of prenatal exposure to hexachlorobenzene (HCB) and other organochlorine compounds with anthropometric measures at birth. A total of 98 mother-infant pairs (83% of all children born in a specific area polluted with HCB in the period 1997–1999) were recruited after giving written consent. Levels of organochlorine compounds were measured in 72 maternal serum samples at delivery and in 70 cord serum samples. Of the organochlorines measured in cord serum, median levels of HCB were higher than for the other compounds (median of HCB= 1.13 ng/mL, median of dichlorodiphenyl dichloroethylene= 0.85 ng/mL, and median of total polychlorinated biphenyls= 0.27 ng/mL). Premature newborns had higher concentrations of HCB [1.94 ng/mL among prematures versus 1.10 among nonprematures (p< 0.10)], dichlorodiphenyl dichloroethylene [2.40 …