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Although it is well recognised that both behavioural and environmental factors play a role in determining small-scale heterogeneities in schistosomiasis transmission, empirical evidence of their relative importance is often limited. A study was conducted around Chaani, a village in northern Unguja (Zanzibar) where urinary schistosomiasis is endemic, in order to shed light upon the micro-epidemiology of Schistosoma haematobium and patterns of infection within schoolchildren and the intermediate host snail Bulinus globosus, that may help in adjusting recently implemented control programmes. Malacological surveys were conducted to identify transmission foci and questionnaires were devised to assess recalled water-contact patterns of 150 schoolchildren who had been screened for S. haematobium infection, finding an overall prevalence of 50.6%. Boys were more frequently and more heavily infected than girls …