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Background: Oral mucositis is a complication of cancer therapy, causing severe pain that affects oral functioning, nutrition, and quality of life, as well as therapy nonadherence or dose-limiting toxicity. Anecdotal experience has suggested that methylene blue (MB) oral rinse may be an effective and safe treatment of this oral pain. Methods: To evaluate the efficacy and safety of MB oral rinse for the treatment of oral pain due to mucositis in patients with cancer, we retrospectively evaluated patients who experienced refractory pain despite conventional therapy. Results: We identified 281 patients who received MB oral rinse. Most were receiving treatment for leukemia (n= 85; 30.3%) and head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (n= 84; 29.9%). The most common treatments were radiation therapy alone (n= 108; 38.4%) and chemoradiation (n= 86; 30.6%). Median duration of symptoms was 14 days. Mean (SD) numeric …