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ContextA relative paucity of data exist on the possible health effects of using cellular telephones.ObjectiveTo test the hypothesis that using handheld cellular telephones is related to the risk of primary brain cancer.Design and SettingCase-control study conducted in 5 US academic medical centers between 1994 and 1998 using a structured questionnaire.PatientsA total of 469 men and women aged 18 to 80 years with primary brain cancer and 422 matched controls without brain cancer.Main Outcome MeasureRisk of brain cancer compared by use of handheld cellular telephones, in hours per month and years of use.ResultsThe median monthly hours of use were 2.5 for cases and 2.2 for controls. Compared with patients who never used handheld cellular telephones, the multivariate odds ratio (OR) associated with regular past or current use was 0.85 (95% confidence interval [CI], 0.6-1.2). The OR for infrequent …