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The occurrence of sleep-disordered breathing in patients with obstructive sleep apnea is effectively treated with the administration of nasal continuous positive airway pressure. This therapy requires earnest patient participation and cooperation if it is to be successful. Lack of adherence to the treatment regimen is discussed in terms of the interactions between the patient and health care team and the consequences to the patient. Recommendations are given regarding diagnosis, patient education, compliance monitoring, and treatment follow-up to enhance patient cooperation.