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17,563 new cases of renal cell carcinoma (RCC) were diagnosed and 8,370 deaths from RCC were registered in the Russian Federation in 2008. RCC comprises approximately 4.3% of all malignancies in men, and 2.9% in women, with a median age at diagnosis of 61 years. The European age-standardised incidence rates per 100,000 population were 12.2 for general population; 16.5 for men, and 8.4 for women. The standardised incidence rate of RCC has increased by 15.7%(men) and 17.3%(women) for the past 5 years (2003-2008). Despite the stability in age-standardized death rates, from 5.5 in 2005 to 5.9 in 2008, there were 440 more cancer deaths reported in 2008 than in 2005. The overall 5-year survival for 2001-2005 was 59.7%. Cancer survival non-significantly improved for RCC in both sexes between 1999 and 2006.