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In this study, air, steam and CO₂-enhanced gasification of rice straw was simulated using Aspen Plus™ and compared in terms of their energy, exergy and environmental impacts. It was found that the addition of CO₂ had less impact on syngas yield compared with gasification temperature. At lower CO₂/Biomass mass ratios (<0.25), CO₂-enhanced gasification showed a lower GSE (gasification system efficiency) than conventional gasification, which was below 22.1%. However at higher CO₂/Biomass ratios, CO₂-enhanced gasification demonstrated higher GSE than conventional gasification. The GSE of CO₂-enhanced gasification continued to increase to 58.8% when CO₂/Biomass ratio was raised to 0.87. It was also found that chemical exergy was 2.05–4.85 times higher than physical exergy. The syngas exergy increased with CO₂ addition, which was mainly due to the increase in physical exergy. The maximum …