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Objectives: (1) to determine differences between minorities vs. non-minorities on demographic, injury and rehabilitation characteristics and functional outcomes at admission, discharge and 1-year post-injury and (2) to examine differences in functional outcome at 1-year post-injury among (African-Americans, Hispanics and Whites).

Design: Retrospective study.

Setting: Longitudinal data were extracted from the TBI Model Systems database.

Participants: 4929 individuals with moderate-to-severe TBI (3354 Whites vs. 1575 Minorities: 1207 African-Americans and 368 Hispanics) hospitalized between 1989–2004.

Main outcome measures: Functional outcomes at 1-year post-injury (Disability Rating Scale, Functional Independence Measure, Glasgow Outcome Scale-Extended and Community Integration Questionnaire).

Results: At discharge and 1-year post-injury, minorities had poorer functional outcomes compared …