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Baccharis dracunculifolia (Asteraceae), the most important plant source of the Brazilian green propolis (GPE), displayed in vitro activity against Leishmania donovani, with an IC₅₀ value of 45µg/mL, while GPE presented an IC₅₀ value of 49µg/mL. Among the isolated compounds of B. dracunculifolia, ursolic acid, and hautriwaic acid lactone showed IC₅₀ values of 3.7µg/mL and 7.0µg/mL, respectively. Uvaol, acacetin, and ermanin displayed moderate antileishmanial activity. Regarding the antiplasmodial assay against Plasmodium falciparum, BdE and GPE gave similar IC₅₀ values (about 20µg/mL), while Hautriwaic acid lactone led to an IC₅₀ value of 0.8µg/mL (D6 clone).