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The aim of this study was to examine adaptive changes in the cross-sectional area of the upper airway during mandibular advancement and jaw opening and to explore whether these changes are directly related to morphologic features of the mandible. Fourteen nonapneic men participated in this study. A custom-made oral device was used to keep the mandible at 0% (F₀V₀), 50% (F₅₀V₀), 75% (F₇₅V₀), or 100% (F₁₀₀V₀) of maximum advancement, and at 50% (F₇₅V₅₀), 75% (F₇₅V₇₅), or 100% (F₇₅V₁₀₀) of maximum gape at F₇₅V₀. Magnetic resonance imaging was used to investigate differences in the upper-airway cross-sectional area in these 7 positions. To eliminate excessive individual variation, changes in the mean (mean%) and minimum (min%) cross-sectional area of the upper airway were calculated as percentages of those at F₀V₀. Cephalograms were taken to analyze morphologic features of the …