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Dietary inflammatory index (DII) scores have been inconsistently linked to cancer risks. Therefore, a systematic review and meta-analysis was performed to examine the associations between the DII and the risks of breast and prostate cancer among men and women.

Relevant studies were identified by searching PubMed and EMBASE databases up to March 2018. Data were available from 13 studies; of these, four studies used a prospective cohort design and nine studies were case-control studies. A total of 231 947 individuals from nine countries were included in these studies for the meta-analysis. The results were pooled using a random-effects model.

A pooled, adjusted odds ratio (OR) analysis indicated that there was a direct relationship between the highest versus lowest DII scores and prostate cancer risk in men (OR: 1.31; 95% CI: 1.04–1.57) but not the breast cancer risk (BCR) in …