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Cardiovascular disease is the major cause of death in patients on dialysis (1). In the United States, the survival of patients on peritoneal dialysis (PD) at 1 year (excluding the first 90 days) is 87% as compared with 79% for patients on hemodialysis (HD) when adjusted for age, sex, race, ethnicity, and primary renal diagnosis. However, survival at 5 years is 35% on PD and 34% on HD. The specific causes of cardiovascular death are quite broad: Figure 1 summarizes those causes for PD and for HD patients ages 65–74 years.