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The study objective was to determine the causes and magnitude of absolute CD4 (T4) count variation in human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1)-infected (+) adult males. We conducted a prospective, blinded, and controlled study of 22 adult military male outpatients, including 16 HIV (+)[12 in Walter Reed stage (WR-) 1 through 5, 4 in WR-6 (AIDS)], and 6 HIV seronegative (—) healthy controls. Ten CD4+ cell counts were drawn within a 3-day interval from each patient at the following times: 0800, 1200, 1600, and 2200 h on day 1; and 0800, 1200, and 1600 h on days 2 and 3. A significant CD4+ cell count diurnal increase of 59 cells/mm 3 was detected between 0800 h and 2200 h from the WR-1–5 patients (p= 0.018), although this diurnal change was significantly blunted (p= 0.028) as compared with the 506 cells/mm 3 CD4+ cell count diurnal increase observed from the HIV (-) healthy controls. The …