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A pre–post observational design was used to study the aggregate results of five national Breakthrough Series (BTS) collaboratives run within Veterans Health Administration (VHA) to identify the organizational, interpersonal, and systemic characteristics of successful improvement teams.

One hundred thirty-four medical quality improvement teams participated in five BTS collaboratives in the VHA between 1999 and 2002. Team characteristics were assessed using a team questionnaire before and after the BTS collaboratives.

Fifty-seven percent of participating teams were rated as successful (a $ 20% improvement from baseline for at least two months before the collaboratives’ end). More high-performing medical quality improvement teams perceived their work to be part of their organization’s key strategic goals. By the end of the BTS collaboratives, high-performing …