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(+)-3,4-Methylenedioxymethamphetamine (MDMA; “ecstasy”; “X”; “E”) is a popular recreational amphetamine analog that produces a unique set of effects in humans and animals. MDMA use is often associated with dance parties called “raves”, but its use has increased in all segments of society and around the world. Like amphetamine, MDMA elicits hyperactivity when administered to rodents. Unlike amphetamine, which has effects mediated by the release of dopamine (DA) from nerve terminals, MDMA-induced hyperactivity is thought to be dependent upon the release of 5-hydroxtryptamine (5-HT). However, MDMA elicits large increases in synaptic concentrations of both DA and 5-HT, and the interaction between these neurotransmitters may account for the unique characteristics of the drug. Comparisons between MDMA, the selective DA releaser amphetamine, and the selective 5-HT releaser fenfluramine are …