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Ambient fine particulate matter (PM_2.5) pollution is currently a serious environmental problem in China, but evidence of health effects with higher resolution and spatial coverage is insufficient.

This study aims to provide a better overall understanding of long-term mortality effects of PM_2.5 pollution in China and a county-level spatial map for estimating PM_2.5 related premature deaths of the entire country.

Using four sets of satellite-derived PM_2.5 concentration data and the integrated exposure-response model which has been employed by the Global Burden of Disease (GBD) to estimate global mortality of ambient and household air pollution in 2010, we estimated PM_2.5 related premature mortality for five endpoints across China in 2010.

Premature deaths attributed to PM_2.5 nationwide amounted to 1.27 million in total, and 119,167, 83,976, 390,266, 670,906 for adult chronic …