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Microbial control agents serve as alternatives to synthetic pesticides for the management of insect pests and plant pathogens. Naturally occurring microorganisms such as bacteria, fungi, and protozoa may be beneficial, pathogenic, or neutral to host plants. This review focuses on the potential role of useful microorganisms as biofertilizers or biopesticides in sustaining and enhancing crop production, and protection. It is necessary to highlight the advantages of the beneficial microorganisms to encourage farmers to use biological control agents and biofertilizers and reduce the excessive use of toxic chemical pesticides and fertilizers. Here, we review the importance of using microorganisms in the agriculture sector for their potential role in fulfilling the nutritional requirements of plants, food safety, and sustainable crop production. Microorganisms can interact with the crop plants to improve their resistance to pathogen …