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Colitis associated cancer (CAC) is the colorectal cancer (CRC) subtype that is associated with bowel disease such as ulcerative colitis (UC). The data on role of NF‐κB signaling in development and progression of CAC were derived from preclinical studies, whereas data from human are rare. The aim of this work was to study the contribution of NF‐κB pathway during UC and CAC, as well as the immunomodulatory effect of all‐trans retinoic acid (AtRA). We analyzed the expression of NOS2, TNF‐α, TLR4, and NF‐κB, in colonic mucosa. We also studied NO/TNF‐α modulation by LPS in colonic mucosa pretreated with AtRA. A marked increase in TLR4, NF‐κB, TNF‐α, and NOS2 expression was reported in colonic mucosa. The relationship between LPS/TLR4 and TNF‐α/NO production, as well as the role of NF‐κB signaling, was confirmed by ex vivo experiments and the role of LPS/TLR4 in NOS2/TNF‐α induction …