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Background

Immunotherapy has revolutionized cancer treatment and particularly the perspectives of metastatic lung cancer, with durable response rates and overall survival at 5 years of up to 16%. Nevertheless, in addition to the already known immune events related to these new treatments, retrospective studies and case reports describing a rapid progression of the disease related to the beginning of immunotherapy have been published recently, reporting a rate of hyperprogression of 9 to 16%, comparable to the response rate. This phenomenon recently described deserves directed investigations to better characterize, confirm or deny its existence.

Method

The present study is a retrospective analysis of medical records and medical imaging documents of patients with metastatic lung cancer receiving immunotherapy (nivolumab or pembrolizumab) between July 2015 and July 2017 at Charles-Lemoyne Hospital …