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Objectives To examine how perceptions of parental responsibility for diabetes management are associated with age, pubertal status, adolescents’ self-efficacy, and parental perceptions of adolescents’ efficacy, and if parental responsibility is associated with better metabolic control as a function of adolescents’ self-efficacy and parental perceptions of adolescents’ efficacy. Methods Questionnaires assessing parental responsibility, pubertal status, adolescents’ self-efficacy, and parental perceptions of adolescents’ efficacy were given to 185 adolescents with type 1 diabetes, 185 mothers, and 145 fathers. Results Greater parental responsibility was negatively associated with age, perceptions of pubertal status, and efficacy for all reporters. Interactions between parental responsibility and parental perceptions of adolescents’ efficacy indicated that parental responsibility was associated with better …