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An infant with fever and painful swelling of the jaw is described. Radiological imaging showed a large soft tissue mass in the masseter region and a pathological fracture of the ramus mandibulae. Although imaging was suspicious of malignancy, the clinical course confirmed the diagnosis of osteomyelitis. A 1-year-old girl was admitted with high fever and a diffuse, painful swelling of the right jaw. There was no history of trauma. Seven weeks earlier, she had been immunised against measles, mumps and rubella. One week after vaccination, the child was unable to open her mouth wide. Seven days later, the girl was febrile up to 39 C. The fever subsided with paracetamol but the trismus remained. Gradually, a swelling appeared over the right jaw and the fever recurred. Previous history revealed that the first teeth had erupted at the ages of 3 and 6 months. On admission, the child had spiking fever over 40 C. The …