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Iii this chapter, the term'segregation'is clarified, the different types of segregation are defined, and the importance of using terms accurately and consistently is illustrated. The rationale of the key hypotheses relating to causes of different types of segregation is briefly explained and a measure of the degree of segregation (the'segregation coefficient') is presented that is suitable (i) to test hypotheses relating to segregation; and (ii) to make comparisons between populations, species and types of segregation. The chapter concludes with a model to predict the degree of social segregation in a population and ends with three brief empirical examples.