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2245 This journal is q 2007 The Royal Society impacts generally overwhelm any effects of climate change predicted by the model simulations. Climate-induced hydrologic changes (eg precipitation, evapotranspiration, permafrost melting) affect not only streamflow but also the water levels of boreal peatlands and lakes. Northern peatlands play an important role in the global carbon cycle: they contain 80% of the soil carbon stock in Western Canada (Syed et al. 2006) and 25–35% of the world’s soil carbon (Humphreys et al. 2006; Roulet et al. 2007). They are both an important source of the greenhouse gas CH4, a product of anaerobic decomposition (fermentation) of organic matter, and a sink for atmospheric CO2, since the plant tissues produced from photosynthetic carbon fixation are incompletely decomposed under water and result in accumulation of carbon as peat. Vegetated lake littoral, although covering a …