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Preconditioning is injury induced protection against subsequent insult. Studies have shown that both males and females may be preconditioned. Females appear to have an innate cardioprotection, therefore, we hypothesized that the preconditioning threshold may differ between males and females.

Male and female rats were divided into five groups (n = 4–9). Animals were given an intraperitoneal (i.p.) injection of 125, 250, or 500 micrograms/kilogram Salmonella typhimurium lipopolysaccharide (ETX) or 0.4-ml normal saline (NS). After 24-h incubation another i.p. injection of either 500 micrograms/kilogram ETX (injury dose) or NS was given and the animals incubated an additional 6 h. Shams received two injections of NS. Non-preconditioned rats (PC-) received NS followed by ETX. Preconditioned rats had i.p. injections of 125 μg/kg ETX (PC +125), 250 μg/kg ETX …