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Metal contamination has become the cause of global concern. HMs are serious contaminants and their increasing lethality is a global issue for ecological, environmental, evolutionary, and nutritional reasons. Their multiple application in several areas like the mining industry, agricultural fields, domestic and industrial wastes, acid batteries, hospital wastes, coal, pesticides, incineration, volcanic emissions, etc. leads to an immense discharge into the ecosystem. Among the HMs, Cr is considered a human carcinogen. Cr exists mainly in two stable forms as trivalent Cr(III) and hexavalent Cr(VI). Bioaccumulation of Cr(VI), can lead to teratogenesis and mutagenesis. Occupational and environmental exposure to Cr(VI) can cause multiple organ toxicity eg., renal damage, allergy, asthma, and cancer of the respiratory tract in humans. Irritation and ulcers in the stomach and small intestine, anemia, damage of the male …