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Curcumin, the main polyphenolic component of turmeric (Curcuma longa) rhizomes have been reported to exert anticholinesterase potential with limited information on how they regulate acetylcholinesterase (AChE) gene expression. Hence, this study sought to evaluate the effect of curcumin on cerebral cortex acetylcholinesterase (AChE) activity and their mRNA gene expression level in cadmium (Cd)-treated rats. Furthermore, in vitro effect of different concentrations of curcumin (1–5 μg/mL) on rat cerebral cortex AChE activity was assessed. Animals were divided into six groups (n = 6): group 1 serve as control (without Cd) and receive saline/vehicle, group 2 receive saline plus curcumin at 25 mg/kg, group 3 receive saline plus curcumin 50 mg/kg, group 4 receive Cd plus vehicle, group 5 receive Cd plus curcumin at 25 mg/kg and group 6 receive Cd plus curcumin at 50 mg/kg. Rats received Cd (2.5 mg/kg) and …