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The European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition-Oxford (1), Adventist Health Study-2 (2), and UK Biobank (3) have reported that vegetarians (including vegans) had a lower risk for total cancer incidence compared to meat-eaters. However, the numbers of vegetarians in these studies were too low to reliably estimate the associations with site-specific cancers. Therefore, we established the Health in Vegetarians Consortium and here we compare the baseline dietary and anthropometric characteristics between diet groups and between cohorts.

We harmonised individual-level data from 11 prospective studies that were estimated to have at least 25% or 5,000 vegetarians, together with data on cancer incidence. Participants were categorised into eight diet groups based on dietary questionnaires completed at recruitment. 2.3 million participants were included; 66.2% women and 33.8% men, with …