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Objective: This study evaluated the preventive effect of mangosteen pericarp ethanolic extract (MPEE) on obesity by measuring body weight changes and fatty acid synthase (FAS) concentration in the adipose tissue and serum of monosodium glutamate and high-calorie diet-induced male Wistar rats.

Methods: The content of MPEE was determined by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) analysis, using α-mangostin and xanthone as the marker compounds. The experimental study with rats was conducted for 9 weeks, with rats divided into 5 treatment groups which were normal (standard diet), control (high-calorie diet), dose 1 (MPEE 200 mg/kg bw, high-calorie diet), dose 2 (MPEE 500 mg/kg bw, high-calorie diet), and orlistat (orlistat 21.6 mg/kg bw, high-calorie diet) groups. The FAS concentration was measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) method.

Results: MPEE contained 29.13% of α-mangostin based on HPLC analysis and no xanthone detected. The dose 1 (MPEE 200 mg/kg bw, high-calorie diet) and dose 2 (MPEE 500 mg/kg bw, high-calorie diet) groups showed less body weight gain than the control, normal, and orlistat group with dose

2 showed the lowest body weight gain. Dose 1 and dose 2 groups also had significantly lower FAS concentration in either adipose tissue or serum compared to the control group.

Conclusion: MPEE have great potential as a therapeutic agent in preventing obesity, by suppressing major body weight gain and reducing FAS concentration.