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Objectives: The present study was performed to show the in vitroactivities of ethanolic extract of Zingiber officinale var rubrum rhizome, Boesenbergia pandurata rhizome, and Stevia rebaudiana leaves in combination with amoxicillin, vancomycin, or ketoconazole against infectious mouth microbial.

Methods: The antibacterial activities were calculated based on minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) using microdilution method and minimum bactericidal concentration, and the antifungal activity were calculated using minimum fungicidal concentration using agar diffusion method. The extract-antibiotic interaction was performed using checkerboard method.

Results: Among the three extracts studied, B. pandurata rhizome extract had the best antimicrobial activity against S. aureus and S. mutans with MIC value at 128 μg/mL and 64 μg/mL, respectively while Z. officinale rhizome extracts had the best antifungal activity against C. albicans with MIC value at 2048 μg/mL. The antimicrobial interaction between vancomycin with S. rebaudiana against S. aureus and S. mutans showed a synergistic effect. Synergism also observed in the combination of amoxicillin with B. pandurata or S. rebaudiana against S. aureus and S. mutans, respectively. The combination of ketoconazole with each of all plant extracts studied against C. albicans showed the synergistic effect. The additive interaction was observed between amoxicillin with B. pandurata or S. rebaudiana against S. aureus and S. mutans, respectively. There was no antagonism being observed in this study.

Conclusion: There is a synergistic interaction between plant extract and the antibiotic against S …