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Craniofacial and postural changes can be perpetuated into adulthood if not diagnosed and treated during the growth phase. The aim was to investigate the temporomandibular, craniofacial and postural changes that may be associated with mouth breathing in children. A sample of 147 children (between 7 and 13 years of age), 73 of which were mouth breathers (MB) and 74 were nasal breathers (NB), was evaluated by anamnesis, clinical examination and respiratory tests. Changes that indicated a statistically significant association with mouth breathing were as follows: incompetent lip seal (OR= 29.70), deviation on opening of the mouth (OR= 24.63), atresic palate (OR= 5.07), facial asymmetry (OR= 5.06), Mallampati scores of III and IV (OR= 2.85), Angles Class II malocclusion (OR= 2.67) and nasal turbinate hypertrophy (OR= 2.19). No significant difference was found between the groups regarding postural alterations. A high association of temporomandibular and craniofacial changes was found for mouth breathing children. Persistent mouth breathing must be recognized as a risk factor for undesirable skeletal and functional changes of the face.