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Background: A potential risk of neuropsychiatric adverse events (NPAEs) of oseltamivir has remained controversial by retrospective cohort studies. This nationwide population-based cohort study aimed to assess the risk of NPAEs in influenza patients undergoing oseltamivir treatment (users) compared with a propensity score-matched cohort of patients not receiving oseltamivir (non-users).

Research design and methods: Using the Korean National Health Service–Sample Cohort Database, patients diagnosed with incident influenza during 2003–2013 were divided into two cohorts: oseltamivir users and non-users. We calculated adjusted hazard ratios (aHRs) for the 5-day treatment course with oseltamivir using Cox regression analysis.

Results: The incidence rate of NPAEs during 5-day oseltamivir treatment was 0.0029 and 0.0023 in oseltamivir users and non-users, respectively. The risk of NPAEs was different …