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A crude chloroform extract of seeds of Millettia dura Dunn (Leguminosae) showed high activity (LC₅₀ = 3.5 µg ml⁻¹ at 24 h) against second‐instar larvae of the mosquito, Aedes aegypti L (Diptera: Culicidae). The rotenoids, deguelin and tephrosin, isolated from the seeds of this plant also showed potent activities, with LC₅₀ values of 1.6 and 1.4 µg ml⁻¹ at 24 h, respectively. The related rotenoids millettone and millettosin were inactive at 20 µg ml⁻¹. Saturation at the B/C ring junction and the presence of methoxy groups at C‐2 and/or C‐3 in deguelin and tephrosin appear to be important for the observed larvicidal activity. Copyright © 2003 Society of Chemical Industry